New advances in cannabinoid therapy for cancer

        No splendid life likes the coming of death, no sunny soul likes the flood of pain and sadness, we all look forward to restarting our lives with love and strength, but cancer is the moment when people feel strongly that death is approaching and despair invades, therefore:

        Over the past few hundred years, scientists have worked desperately to find ways to fight cancer.

        One of the most focused discussions over the past few decades has been whether cannabis can treat cancer.

        For the past decade or so, stories of being pronounced dead by doctors but miraculously cured by cannabinoids have been widely circulated.

        Check out these real historical stories below. Are you still as shocked and inspired by hope in despair as I am?

        U.S. doctors expose the real clinical situation of medical marijuana cancer patients

        Cannabis: I just want to kill cancer cells! ! (Inclusive of benefits, you know~)

        Thousands of cancer patients saved by marijuana

        Cancers Saved by Marijuana: Brain Tumors

        Harvard University: Marijuana has significant therapeutic potential for pancreatic cancer

        Cannabis and Cancer, 700+ patients tracked!

        These cancer patients are a miracle cured by marijuana

        Foreign media: One drop of cannabis oil a day can drive away cancer so easily!

Cannabinoids in Cannabis vs Endocannabinoids

marijuana?

Cannabis is a plant that is grown and cultivated worldwide. It has been used recreationally, religiously and medically for thousands of years. Records from ancient Egypt, India, and China indicate that doctors used the plant as a remedy for hemorrhoids, insomnia, and other pain conditions. In the Western world, cannabis is 1840 It became a mainstream drug in the 1990s and is known for its sedative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticonvulsant effects.

Cannabinoids?

Scientists have identified a variety of active compounds in marijuana (called cannabinoids) that play a role in the effects of marijuana, including the psychoactive delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Cannabinoids are compounds that can interact with a system in the body called the endocannabinoid system. Since the body naturally produces cannabinoids (called endocannabinoids), a more accurate term is phytocannabinoids. Researchers find marijuana contains more than 450 Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - a psychoactive substance that affects the way the brain works, producing a "high" feeling. Cannabidiol (CBD) – It relieves pain, reduces inflammation and reduces anxiety without any psychoactive effects.

In cancer treatment, cannabinoids are a group of molecules that make up the active compounds in cannabis, including CBD and THC, mainly used as part of palliative care to relieve pain, relieve nausea and stimulate appetite. However, early research and testing suggest that medical marijuana may also be a highly effective therapy for killing the cancer cells themselves.

How do cannabinoids work in the body?

Our bodies naturally produce our own cannabinoids (called endocannabinoids). They interact with molecules on the cell surface (cannabinoid receptors). One type builds up densely in the brain, and the second is found in our immune tissue. These compounds and receptors form the endocannabinoid system, a network involved in the control and regulation of multiple functions in the body - including memory, sleep, learning, diet, pain control, inflammation and the immune system. because THC, CBD And other cannabinoids look similar to endocannabinoids in the body, they are able to interact with these receptors and affect the function of the system. That's why some researchers believe cannabinoids have the potential to control some of the most common and debilitating symptoms of cancer and its treatment, including nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and pain.

Original link:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27022311/

Recent advances in cannabinoid therapy for cancer

To date, hundreds of scientific papers on the relationship of cannabinoids (the endocannabinoid system) to cancer have been published. However, because of the multi-year ban, these studies are still struggling to find enough scientific evidence through extensive clinical trials to prove that these are safe and effective in treating cancer. Most scientific studies investigating whether cannabinoids can treat cancer have been done using cancer cells grown in the lab or in animals. The best results from laboratory studies so far have come from using high-purity THC and CBD The combination.

Laboratory experiments studying many different cancers, including glioblastoma brain tumors, prostate, breast, lung and pancreatic cancers, yielded interesting results. Several preclinical laboratory studies suggest that cannabinoids may reduce the growth of cancer cells and may disrupt the blood supply to cancer cells, including brain, breast, and prostate cancers. A glimpse into the latest preclinical studies of cannabinoids in cancer from March 2022:

Original link:https://www.nature.com/articles/s41416-022-01727-4

As medicinal cannabis moves from "novel" to mainstream, pharmaceutical companies will need to ensure that these medical formulations meet current pharmaceutical standards in terms of consistent dosage, route of administration, stability, clinical efficacy and safety. New medicines will require strictly protected intellectual property rights through international patents and have actual clinical efficacy in patient data. Despite advances in preclinical testing, the key to the full acceptance of cannabis in the scientific community is real human data from clinical trials.

In the UK, researchers at the University of Birmingham are studying The efficacy of Sativex (often associated with the treatment of multiple sclerosis) in the treatment of glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer. Phase 2 of human testing will evaluate adding to chemotherapy Sativex Is it possible to prolong the lives of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma.

2021 In 2009, scientists reported this 1 final results of a phase study that used Sativex Combination with the chemotherapy drug temozolomide in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. The researchers found that adding Sativex (which allows patients to choose how much to take) has acceptable levels of side effects, including vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and headaches. They also observed that compared with patients taking a placebo (44%), using Sativex More patients (83%) were alive after one year. this 1 Period research involves 27 patients. The trial is expanding to the 2 stage (called ARISTOCRAT) to explore whether this treatment is effective and which patients are most likely to respond to it. it will be 2022 year in 15 Family NHS Hospital launched, will recruit 230 Multiple patients (and utilised Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials).

In Europe, the University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands is in the second phase of testing the effects of cannabis oil on 20 of liver cancer patients who have exhausted all other treatment options. The test was 2021 year to start, will run for three years, using 10% THC and 5% CBD  of Transvamix®.

These small-scale clinical trials need to be licensed and accelerated globally. Knowledge sharing by the scientific community will help to make up for lost research over the years through bans, other ongoing research:

        ● Dr. Wai Liu of St. George's University is researching cannabis and cannabinoids for cancer treatment to build the evidence.

        ● Professor Susan Short leads the ARISTOCRAT trial, which is evaluating the combination of Sativex and the chemotherapy drug temozolomide in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.

        ● The medical cannabis research group at Imperial College London is exploring the use of cannabinoids as it relates to potential treatments for cancer-related inflammation and pain.

        ● The charity DrugScience is running Project Twenty21, which is collecting data on the efficacy of cannabis-based medicines for a variety of conditions, including cancer-related pain, nausea and anxiety.

Cancer Centre UK

Cancer Research UK has been taking a very cautious approach, but on 13 May 2022 an update on the latest cannabinoid research and ongoing clinical trials was carried out on Cannabinoids, cannabinoids and cancer – the evidence to date. . Cancer Research UK has no organisational policy on the legal status of cannabis, its use as a medicine or its medical use other than cancer, but supports appropriate scientific research on cannabis and its derivatives for the benefit of cancer patients and has therefore been There is evidence to monitor the development and emergence of the cannabinoid field. The current consensus in the UK is that the medical use of cannabis for the treatment of cancer-related chronic pain in the UK has been Approval.

Original link:https://news.cancerresearchuk.org/2022/05/13/cannabis-cannabinoids-and-cancer-the-evidence-so-far/

Open Access Government

Even more exciting, in March 2022, the Open Access Government Apollon Formularies Plc shared on "Medical Cannabis and the Future of Cancer Treatment" CEO Stephen Barnhill MD PhD research on the future of medical cannabis and cancer treatment in the UK and European healthcare sector. Early research suggests that cannabis-derived drugs can be effective in treating a variety of cancers. Recent experimental treatments and small-scale clinical trials have demonstrated the importance of demonstrating the efficacy of these medicinal cannabis formulations and will be a critical and necessary way to bring medical cannabis into mainstream treatment for cancer patients. Different cannabinoids can cause cell death (apoptosis), block cell growth through various inhibitors, prevent the development of blood vessels required for tumor growth (mTOR inhibitors), reduce inflammation by inducing apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation, Inhibition of cytokine production and induction T Regulates cells and reduces the ability of cancer to spread (cell migration and metastasis).

Original link:https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/medical-cannabis-cancer-treatments/131741/

Supplement to Historical Research

Cannabinoids have been shown to reduce cancer cells over the years because they have a strong effect on the rebuilding of the immune system, to name a few of the published studies:

brain cancer

        ▶ Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids can inhibit tumor growth, according to a study published in the British Journal of Cancer by the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Complutense University of Madrid. They led the first clinical study aimed at evaluating the antitumor effects of cannabinoids, which showed that the release of cannabinoids was safe and did not have any psychoactive effects. In 2 of 9 patients, THC was found to reduce cancer cells.

        ▶ In a study published in the Journal of Neuroscience, Li Yong’s magnetic resonance imaging study looked at THC, the main active compound in cannabis, and found that it reduced nerve damage in rats. The results of this study suggest that the cannabinoid system protects the brain from neurodegeneration.

        ▶ A study published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics has acknowledged that cannabinoids have antitumor properties. This study examined the effects of cannabidiol (CBD, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid compound) on human glioma cell lines. The addition of CBD resulted in a significant decrease in the survival of glioma or brain tumor cells. The study concluded that CBD was able to produce significant antitumor activity.

breast cancer

        ▶ Cannabidiol (CBD) inhibits the proliferation and invasion of human breast cancer cells, according to a study published in the National Library of Medicine by the California Pacific Medical Centre. They also demonstrated that CBD can significantly reduce tumor mass.

        ▶ A study published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics showed that THC and CBD cannabidiol significantly reduced the growth of breast cancer cells, and they confirmed the efficacy of these compounds.

        ▶ A study published in the journal Molecular Cancer showed that THC reduced tumor growth and number. They found that cannabinoids inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce cancer cell apoptosis, and impair tumor angiogenesis. This study provides strong evidence for the use of cannabis-like drugs to treat breast cancer.

        ▶ A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) shows that cannabinoids inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells.

lung cancer

        ▶ A study published in the journal Oncogene by the Department of Experimental Medicine at Harvard Medical School showed that THC can inhibit epithelial growth factor-induced migration of lung cancer cells, among others. They also noted that THC and other cannabinoids should be explored as novel therapeutic molecules for controlling the growth and metastasis of certain lung cancers.

        ▶ A study published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics showed that THC and CBD cannabidiol significantly reduced the growth of breast cancer cells, and they confirmed the efficacy of these compounds.

        ▶ A study conducted by Harvard Medical School published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine investigated the role of cannabinoid receptors in lung cancer cells. They determined its effectiveness and recommended its use in the treatment of lung cancer cells.

prostate cancer

        ▶ A study published by the US National Library of Medicine shows that prostate cancer cells are reduced through the action of cannabinoid receptors.

        ▶ A study published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine outlines multiple studies proving that cannabis is effective against prostate cancer.

        ▶ Another study published by the U.S. National Library of Medicine suggests that clinical trials of CBD for prostate cancer are a must. Activation of cannabinoid receptors leads to apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. They determined that cannabidiol significantly inhibited cell viability.

blood cancer

        ▶ Cannabinoids induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in lymphoma, according to a study published in the journal Molecular Pharmacology. The research was funded by the Swedish Cancer Society, the Swedish Research Council and the Stockholm Cancer Society.

        ▶ A study published in the International Journal of Cancer also confirmed and confirmed the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of cannabinoids in various cancers and mantle cell lymphomas.

       ▶ A study published in the International Journal of Cancer also confirmed and confirmed the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of cannabinoids in various cancers and mantle cell lymphomas.

Oral Cancer

        ▶ A study published by the US National Library of Medicine showed that cannabinoids are potent inhibitors of cellular respiration and are toxic to malignant oral tumors.

liver cancer

        ▶ A study published by the US National Library of Medicine determined that THC reduces the viability and inhibits the growth of a human liver cancer cell line (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line).

Pancreatic cancer

        ▶ A study published in the American Journal of Cancer showed that cannabinoid receptors are expressed at much higher levels in human pancreatic tumor cell lines and tumor biopsies than in normal pancreatic tissue. The results showed that cannabinoid administration induced apoptosis. They also inhibit tumor cell growth and inhibit the spread of pancreatic tumor cells.

write at the end

It is estimated that at least one in five of us will develop cancer in our lifetime. By researching new alternative treatments, such as medical marijuana, we have a real opportunity to improve survival and prolong life. As scientists' understanding of medical marijuana and its potential in oncology, especially cancer, continues to grow, scientists are evaluating cannabinoids for their impact and aid in cancer treatment.

Which types of cannabinoids are likely to be the most effective anticancer cannabinoids, what doses may be required, which types of cancers may respond best to cannabinoids, and how to avoid them THC psychoactive effects, how best to get non-water-soluble cannabinoids into cancer cells, whether cannabinoids help enhance or counteract the effects of chemotherapy, etc. are all very prominent questions that must be answered before cannabinoids can be used for safe and effective treatment for cancer patients. Looking forward to the near future when cannabinoids overcome all these obstacles and demonstrate their enormous benefit to existing cancer treatments, bringing hope to the desperate!

Reference link:

(1) Rocha, F. C. M., dos Santos Júnior, J. G., Stefano, S. C.,& Da Silveira, D. X. (2014). Systematic review of the literature on clinical and experimental trials on the antitumor effects of cannabinoids in gliomas. Journal of neuro-oncology, 116 (1), 11-24.

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(3) Apollon Formularies plc, https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/apollon_formularies/news/rns/story/xq749kw, Accessed January 2022

(4) Apollon Formularies plc, https://polaris.brighterir.com/public/apollon_formularies/news/rns/story/x8ql8jx, Accessed January 2022

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(6) Law, A. M., Grundy, T. J., Fang, G., Valdes-Mora, F.,& Gallego-Ortega, D. (2021). Advancements in 3D Cell Culture Systems for Personalizing Anti-Cancer Therapies. Frontiers in Oncology, 11, 782766-782766.

(7) The University of Birmingham, https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/latest/2021/08/cannabis-brain-tumour-clinical-trial.aspx, Accessed January 2022

(8) The University of Groningen, https://www.rug.nl/about-ug/latest-news/news/archief2021/nieuwsberichten/umcg-studies-cannabis-oil-for-liver-cancer-patients-with- no-further-treatment-options?lang=en, Accessed January 2022

(9) Bedrocan, https://bedrocan.com/umcg-starts-scientific-research-into-cannabis-oil-and-liver-cancer/, Accessed January 2022

(10) Ahmad, A. S., Ormiston-Smith, N.,& Sasieni, P. D. (2015). Trends in the lifetime risk of developing cancer in Great Britain: comparison of risk for those born from 1930 to 1960. British journal of cancer, 112(5), 943-947.

(11) Cancer Research UK, https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/mortality/all-cancers-combined, Accessed January 2022